This report from McKinsey gives a clear indication of what is going with global commodities and resources globally. Here are some extracts.
80% rise in steel demand projected from 2010 to 2030.
147% increase in real commodity prices since the turn of the century.
Up to $1.1 trillion spent annually on resource subsidies
$2.9 trillion of savings in 2030 from capturing the resource productivity potential
$3.7 trillion if carbon is priced at $30 per tonne, subsidies on water, energy, and agriculture are eliminated, and energy taxes are removed
70% of productivity opportunities have an internal rate of return of more than 10% at current prices
90% if adjusted for subsidies, carbon pricing, energy taxes, and a societal discount rate of 4%
The 15 opportunities identified by the report are:
1. Building energy efficiency
2. Increasing yields on large-scale farms
3. Reducing food waste
4. Reducing municipal water leakage
5. Urban densification (leading to major transport efficiency gains)
6. Higher energy efficiency in the iron and steel industry
7. Increasing yields on smallholder farms
8. Increasing transport fuel efficiency
9. Increasing the penetration of electric and hybrid vehicles
10. Reducing land degradation
11. Improving end-use steel efficiency
12. Increasing oil and coal recovery
13. Improving irrigation techniques
14. Shifting road freight to rail and barge
15. Improving power plant efficiency